One way Drupal core uses the Diff component is to show the difference between 'Active' and 'Staged' config. See \Drupal\Core\Config\ConfigManager::diff for more details.

Recently, I was building a form where I had to show the diff between two versions of an entity. The Diff component is designed as a stand-alone component that can be used to show the diff between any two arrays or strings. So why not use that in our own forms?

Here's a quick example:

use Drupal\Component\Diff\Diff;
use Drupal\Core\Serialization\Yaml;

    $diffFormatter = \Drupal::service('diff.formatter');
    $from = explode("\n", Yaml::encode($current->toArray()));
    $to = explode("\n", Yaml::encode($revision->toArray()));
    $diff = new Diff($from, $to);
    $diffFormatter->show_header = FALSE;
    // Add the CSS for the inline diff.
    $form['#attached']['library'][] = 'system/diff';

    $form['diff'] = [
      '#type' => 'table',
      '#attributes' => [
        'class' => ['diff'],
      ],
      '#header' => [
        ['data' => t('From'), 'colspan' => '2'],
        ['data' => t('To'), 'colspan' => '2'],
      ],
      '#rows' => $diffFormatter->format($diff),
    ];

I hope this helps. Let me know how you have used the Diff component in your project in the comments!